Greece and Sicily · Schematic campaign map

Peloponnesian War

Athens and Sparta led rival alliances in a war from 431 to 404 BCE. Sieges, naval battles, epidemics and violence against civilians undermined the Greek city-states; Athens eventually surrendered.

The war is conventionally dated to 431–404 BCE; the map window begins in 432 BCE to include the preceding siege of Potidaea. Locations are approximate; connecting lines are chronological links, not reconstructed marching or sailing routes.